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Krasnoyarsk, RUSSIA
117 Uritskogo Str.
Krasnoyarsk, RUSSIA
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Yeniseysk
- Svyato-Spassky monastery
- The church of Preobrazheniye
- Uspensky cathedral
- Voskresenskaya church
- Bogoyavlensky cathedral in Yeniseisk
- Kazachinsky rapid
- Monastyrskoe Lake
- Plotbishchenskoe Lake
- Sacred-Iversky (Christorozhdestvensky) female monastery
Svyato-Spassky monastery
The Yeniseysk Svyato-Spassky monastery was built in the middle of a marshy area in 1642 on the place of praying deeds of Timofey Ivanov. The monastery owned patrimonial estates, a salt-making factory, mills and a seminary. The building was erected under the supervision of the monk Feodosiy. The chronicle of the monastery began in 1804, the library counted 300 books. In 1920ies Spassky monastery was closed and plundered, in 1937-38 it was a place for a mass execution. Only in the end of XX century it was opened again.
The Svyato-Spassky monastery still keeps a lot of secrets. One of them is connected with a lake near Yeniseysk, which was called Monastyrskoe (The Monastery lake) by local people. A lot of cells and church constructions were found on the territory of the lake. More than 100 monks were killed here by the soviet government representatives and then thrown into the lake. After that the lake didn't freeze during several years.
The church of Preobrazheniye
The church of Preobrazheniye (Transfiguration) was built in the end of the temple construction development period in Yeniseysk in XVIII century. Every guest of Yeniseysk should definitely see a picturesque view of the river Yeniseysk front, where Preobrazhensky cathedral stands surrounded by Bogoyavlensky cathedral and the church of Voskreseniye.
On September 19 in 1703 several dozens of houses, a wooden Bogoyavlenskaya church and a guest house were burnt during the big fire. An experienced constructor Fedot Merkuriey Chiyka from Tobolsk was invited to Yeniseysk to build a new stone guest house. But instead he began to build a stone Bogoyavlensky cathedral according to the requests of parishioners. He finished building it in 1712.
The unique view of the upper part of a two-storied Preobrazhenskaya church is connected with usage of colorful ornaments made of bricks for decoration front parts. They are similar to totem figures, but their main function is to decorate doors and windows. Cartouches with complicated temple elements illustrate the local variant of XVIII century "Siberian baroque". The European baroque style and its Tobolsky variant become the new source of ideas. Preobrazhenskaya church in Yeniseysk is the vivid example of that.
Uspensky cathedral
The gallery of beautiful stone constructions under the open sky in Yeniseysk enlarged after building of the Moscow - Siberian tract through Krasnoyarsk . Uspenskaya church (1763) has crowned the highest point of the historical Yeniseysk part. The surrounding buildings near the church haven't changed much - it is still one-storied wooden houses.
The amazing composition of the temple reflects the style of Tobolsk Zaharyevskaya church. The originality of the cathedral is its spatial construction. You can come to the upper south temple of Peter and Pavel or to the north temple of Alexander Nevsky stepping on cast-iron plates with large ornaments of XIX century on the ground floor. The temple managed to preserve the old interior and icons.
Uspenskaya church was built with the help of the Yeniseysk citizens and merchants from other cities.
The church was never destroyed and has been working since the moment it was opened. In 1990 it became a cathedral.
Voskresenskaya church
This church is the second oldest cult construction in Yeniseysk. The stone church is an example of cult Russian architecture of XVIII century's second half. The temple which stands in the eastern part of the historical Yeniseysk is a working church now.
Voskresenskaya church was founded in 1736 and built in 1750. The belfry of the church was built in the 60ies of XVIII century. The famous Yeniseysk merchant Ivan Shukin became the constructor. At that time there was a lack of skilled constructors in the city.
Voskresenskaya church is a temple without columns with a longitudinal structure. On the east-west axis there were a temple with a half sphere altar apse, a kitchen and a tiered belfry.
The major part of the church is a traditional octahedron standing on a tetrahedron, covered by a high arch. The temple is one of the earliest examples of the Yeniseysk school of "Siberian" baroque. The bright view is formed by the brick ornaments.
Bogoyavlensky cathedral in Yeniseisk
In XVIII century there were a lot of new huge buildings decorated with brick carving, which replaced wooden temples. Bogoyavlensky cathedral was the first stone temple of the Priyeniseisk Krai. As before the octagonal pillar of the belfry of Bogoyavlensky cathedral with a square base, reigns over the town. This cathedral was main one in Yeniseisk, and was built by Tobolsk architect Fedot Chayka in 1712. The church bell was brought in1903 from the central part of Russia, and the thousand crowd of inhabitants pulled the bell to the belfry through a special left hole.
It is interesting that the Tobolsk master came to Yeniseysk with the aim to build stone Gostiny Dvor. Yeniseysk priesthood immediately took advantage of the architect arrival. On their initiative the parishioners of Vvedenskaya church address to Tobolsk for the permission to build the stone Bogoyavensky cathedral for « the worldly money». Chayka`s artel built Russian refectory church with a longitudinal axial composition structure of building. The most widespread temple type of the Siberian architecture in XVIII was a octahedron on a quadrangle. From the east to the west in the cathedral territory there was the octahedral cathedral, refectory with a side chapel and a high tier belfry. The cathedral was completed with the inflated roof at the basis. The architecture of this building found the reflection in the compositions of Voskresenskaya church and Spassky cathedral of the Yeniseysk monastery.
The fire destroyed the first stone church in Yeniseysk. Then from the southern side of the burnt cathedral was laid a warm temple «for the sake of introduction to the temple of the Blessed Virgin», a warm side chapel was attached in1740, the main temple of the second Bogoyavlensky cathedral was built under the leadership of Moscow nobles Semen and Epiphane Nadeinih in 1750.
During the building of new churches Yeniseysk architects followed the principle of the panoramic building of composition of the main dominants of the city, due to this fact, we have an opportunity to admire the four great stone town temples – Preobrazhenskaya church, Voskresenskaya church, Christorozhdestvenskaya church and Bogoyavlensky cathedral, which were placed in one row along the Yenisei coast.
Nowadays, the church is in a broken condition.
Kazachinsky rapid
Kazachinsky rapid is situated 223 km far from Krasnoyarsk, the rocks of Yenisei ridge cross the valley of deep Yenisei, forming an unpredictable and picturesque Kazachinsky rapid. Through 7 kilometers of the rapid, rocks, stone ridges and placers of the ore giant ridge create wonderful views of striking beauty which can inspire you for creative and navigable feats.
The rapid is formed near Kamenniy cape, and then it crosses the Upper Porozhinsky rift, the Upper and the Lower discharges and the Lower Porozhinsky rift. There is a unique island named "Islands" beyond the Lower discharge. Kazachinsky rapid has two tributaries: Shilka River (the right tributary) and Karaulnaya river (the left tributary) fall into the Yenisei.
It is difficult to describe the character of Kazachinsky rapid, but the genius Krasnoyarsk writer Victor Astafyev with love and knowledge of his native remote describes the severe temper of this phenomenon in his book "Tsar fish": «You can hear the noise of the rapid, which is stroking, flowing round stone ridges, streams are whirling between boulders, flowing into junctions. The noise isn’t terrible or dangerous. Ships one after another rush long way off. From behind the bend a tailless self-propelled gun sprang out and rushed into rapids. It moves freely and bravely, not working for the retreat to the right coast, from the last ridge in a rapid where there is a smooth, glossy block like a hippopotamus and water is reared by the billow, falls, seethes beyond it, bubbles, brought down from a furrow. The level and slightly restrained rapid is very dangerous».
The waves, frothing near the rocks reach the height of 2 meters. The river-bed narrows from 650 to 350 meters (Navigable channel is about 70m), the water speed is 1m/km (the general fall is 3,8m), reaching a speed of 18 kilometers an hour. The average depth for water vessels is 3-4 meters; the smallest depth is 2,8m in the end of the area. There is a great danger for the navigation: there are a lot of reefs, bottom ledges, high speed, slow streams, and breakers.
There is the only special chain-tug in Russia by means of which it is carried out ships steering against the stream. This chain-tug is moved forward by the way of the tow, which was laid on the river bottom («Angara» previously, nowadays the diesel-electric ship «Yenisei»).
In the rapid region there are numerous archaeological monuments of mesolite, late Stone age and Bronze age situated near Kazachinsky rapid.
Monastyrskoe lake
Monastyrskoe lake is a former river-bed of the river Kem` - the left tributary of Yenisei. The lake's length is 300 meters, the width is 50 meters. It is situated in a beautiful forest and is able to relax and calm not only the body, but also the soul. The legend says that there were two brothers who settled on the shore of the lake and founded a monastery in 1642. In 1920 the monastery was closed, but the people did their best to keep the sacred brotherhood. During the period of the "Red Terror" all the monks were killed and thrown into the lake. In spite of cold temperature the lake didn't freeze for several years after their death. This legend is proved by the documents of the regional library.
Nowadays the Church reveres the memory of the saint Yeniseisk martyrs.
The number of monks and their names are unknown. There is a beautiful wooden chapel with belfry built on the shore to commemorate the memory of martyrs. The lake is protected by pine-tree forest from the north and by marshes from the west. Many pilgrims visit Monastyrskoe lake every year. People believe that swimming in the lake can restore health. Mud from the lake is used to heal several diseases. The water of the lake is rich in fish including a rare goldish carp.
Plotbishchenskoe Lake
There is a lake near the Plotbishche village with the same name. These places took their names from the cosak word “plotbishche” which means a dock for boats. The lake is situated near the river Kem, the left inflow of Yenisei, 70 km far away from Yeniseysk town.
To the north from the lake where the valley relief is higher, the pine trees prevail, and in summer there is motley grass and variety of blooming plants. This side of the lake is opened, there are comfortable entrances, various sandy beaches and beating springs.
Low-mineralized (300 mg/l) water of Plotbishchenskoe Lake is usual for such reservoirs. The mud here is gray with many tones, with yellow disseminations. The fresh mud smells as hydrogen sulfide and resources are 14 thousand per cubic meter.
Plotbishchenskoe Lake has a salutary ability and it is known since 1865. With the help of its mud different skin diseases, ulcers, wounds, bruises and rheumatism were successfully treated. Also this mud was used in Yeniseysk hospitals and the treatment had great results. Scientists-chemists Balandins published a brochure about Plotbishchenskoe Lake in 1910.
Vera Arsenyevna Balandina took away 50 liters of the lake water for the expertise in Petrograd and received the answer that the water and the slit from the bottom of the lake had good medical properties.
The researches of the mud showed that besides mineral and organic substances, which were normal for many lakes, this lake also contained such microelements as iron, manganese, titan, barium, phosphorus, zinc, boron which gave such a good treatment effect.
The Siberian pine lulls, the smooth surface of the lake calms, and you hear only mysterious sound of methane bubbles which come up to the surface of the water.
Sacred-Iversky (Christorozhdestvensky) female monastery
The most beautiful architectural construction of the two-storey church of the female Iversky (Hristorozhdestvensky) monastery (XIXth century) was the vital stronghold of Priyeniseysky region’s orthodoxy. Nowadays buildings of the church and the Sacred-Iversky female monastery which have been saved and have underwent changes find a new life.
The name of a specially honored righteous man Daniel Achinsky is connected with the history of the monastery. He was an ascetic and a doctor, a participant of the war in 1812, he died in the monastery on 28th of April in 1843, and over his grave on the monastery’s territory there was built a stone chapel which had an inscription “for the sake of St. Daniel Stolpnik” (1892), which was destroyed in the thirties of the XX century. Iversky novices took the sand from his grave, passed it through the water and then treated patients.
The initial name of the monastery - Hristorozhdestvensky – came from the wooden church. It was founded in 1623 according to the decree of the sovereign Mikhail Fedorovich and the first abbeys Paraskeva Saltykova and disappeared in a fire in 1869. In 2 years there was built a stone church in honor of an icon of the Mother of God “Iverskya” and the monastery got the name “Iversky”. Nuns spent days praying without a pause, sewing in an amateur workshop, studying at a religious school for maidens. The monastery was closed in 1920.
